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Vitamin D is found in fish, milk, and sunlight. The body needs vitamin D to promote bone growth. It is used to prevent and treat scurvy. Vitamin D has been used to strengthen bones and ease symptoms of depression. It has also been used to promote organ and blood health.
Vitamin D can be taken as a pill, powder, or tincture. It can also be injected into the bloodstream or muscle by a healthcare provider.
Dosages
600 IU (International Units) daily
What Research ShowsLikely Effective● Atopic dermatitis—likely to ease severity ● Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)—likely to lower the rate of flare ups in people with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels ● Chronic pain—likely to ease pain ● Depression—likely to improve symptoms ● Diabetes—likely to improve blood glucose levels and insulin sensitivity ● Fractures—likely to lower the risk in older adults ● Insulin sensitivity—likely to help control glucose and insulin levels ● Osteoporosis—likely to ease symptoms and prevent fractures ● Polycystic ovary syndrome—likely to help regulate menstrual cycle and improve insulin sensitivity ● Post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia—likely to prevent when taken with vitamin calcium ● Pregnancy support—likely to prevent preeclampsia, low birth weight, and premature birth; may lower risk of upper respiratory infection in infants May Be Effective● Asthma—may reduce the rate of flare ups ● Immune-mediated rheumatic diseases—may reduce the rheumatic arthritis flare ups ● Upper respiratory tract infection—may protect against infection May Not Be Effective● Cognitive function—may not prevent cognitive decline or dementia ● Female subfertility—may not provide benefit ● Infections in children—may not prevent pneumonia or diarrhea in children under five years of age Z1 Unlikely to Be Effective● All-cause mortality—unlikely to lower ● Alzheimer Disease—unlikely to provide benefit ● Chronic heart failure—unlikely to improve left ventricular function or exercise tolerance ● Chronic non-specific musculoskeletal pain—unlikely to ease pain ● High blood pressure—unlikely to lower ● Multiple sclerosis—unlikely to improve symptoms ● Musculoskeletal health—unlikely to prevent fractures or falls or effect bone mineral density ● Parkinson Disease—unlikely to improve motor function ● Prediabetes—unlikely to improve insulin resistance Not Enough Data to Assess● Cancer prevention ● Cardiovascular disease ● Chronic kidney disease ● Chronic liver disease ● Cystic fibrosis ● Diabetic nephropathy ● Fall prevention in older adults ● Hepatitis C infection ● Hip fracture care ● HIV infection in adults ● Knee osteoarthritis ● Pneumonia ● Prostate Cancer (Prevention) Editorial process and description of evidence categories can be found at EBSCO NAT Editorial Process.
Safety NotesIt is likely safe to take vitamin D in small doses for a short time. Taking high doses for a long period may not be safe. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take more than 600 IU of vitamin D per day. Interactions Talk to your doctor about any supplements or therapy you would like to use. Some can interfere with treatment or make conditions worse, such as: ● People with hypercalcemia should not take vitamin D. It will worsen symptoms. |
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